Remington 700's come in short action and long action lengths.
In general the short actions use 308 and shorter length cartridges because most shooters want repeaters. In the real world if you don't care about single feeding ammo you can use the short action for 90%+ of all cartridges.
The long actions are roughly 1 inch longer and are used for 30-06 length cartridges or longer.
In the real world if your not worried about repeaters and can single feed your gun the long action can be used for 90%+ of all cartridges.
A 338 Lapua on a short action means you would pull the bolt each shot to feed the round which for most shooters is too much trouble.
A 14 Flea on a long action likewise means you will have to stand the gun up to get the empty case out after firing each shot.
Pacific Tool and Gauge makes replacement bolts so either action can use 90%+ of all available chamberings upon a rebarreling.
Some are more practical than others but they can all be made to work.
The pictures show a long action 700 a recoil lug from Pacific Tool and Gauge and a 300 AAC barrel a 243 barrel and a 7 RUM barrel.
It takes 2 minutes to swap the barrels. You clamp the barrel in a barrel vise insert an action wrench and back off the action. You put the recoil lug on the new barrel and torque the new barrel into place. A $25 recoil lug alignment tool is used to keep the recoil lug in the same position for each barrel so you don't have to rebed the lug each time.
Most shooters are afraid to perform these steps as they think it is voodoo but if you can change a flat tire you can swap out barrels on a Remington.

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