I wanted to share some research I've done over the last couple weeks on natural immunity. My questions were: does it exist, how good is it, does it compare to vaccine immunity, how long does it last. I think it's a shame that this information isn't being discussed by our public health officials nor by the news media.
My summary: Natural immunity provides broad, diverse immunity, with neutralizing antibodies more effective in neutralizing COVID than vaccine-induced, even against variants. Natural immunity provides long-lasting circulating memory B cells and humoral T cells - likely to last dozens of years similar to SARS-CoV-1 natural immunity.
My summary: Natural immunity provides broad, diverse immunity, with neutralizing antibodies more effective in neutralizing COVID than vaccine-induced, even against variants. Natural immunity provides long-lasting circulating memory B cells and humoral T cells - likely to last dozens of years similar to SARS-CoV-1 natural immunity.
Most recovered COVID-19 patients mount broad, durable immunity after infection
Neutralizing antibodies show a bi-phasic decay with half-lives >200 days
Spike IgG+ memory B cells increase and persist post-infection
Durable polyfunctional CD4 and CD8 T cells recognize distinct viral epitope regions
Neutralizing antibodies show a bi-phasic decay with half-lives >200 days
Spike IgG+ memory B cells increase and persist post-infection
Durable polyfunctional CD4 and CD8 T cells recognize distinct viral epitope regions
Here we show that in convalescent individuals who had experienced mild SARS-CoV-2 infections (n = 77), levels of serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) antibodies declined rapidly in the first 4 months after infection and then more gradually over the following 7 months, remaining detectable at least 11 months after infection. Anti-S antibody titres correlated with the frequency of S-specific plasma cells in bone marrow aspirates from 18 individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 at 7 to 8 months after infection. S-specific BMPCs were not detected in aspirates from 11 healthy individuals with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We show that S-binding BMPCs are quiescent, which suggests that they are part of a stable compartment. Consistently, circulating resting memory B cells directed against SARS-CoV-2 S were detected in the convalescent individuals. Overall, our results indicate that mild infection with SARS-CoV-2 induces robust antigen-specific, long-lived humoral immune memory in humans.
SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern exhibit reduced sensitivity to live-virus neutralization in sera from CoronaVac vaccinees and naturally infected COVID-19 patients [though natural immune people performed best]
Longitudinal characterization of humoral and cellular immunity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients reveal immune persistence up to 9 months after infection

Comment