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2nd Amend. Litigation Updates & Legal Discussion Discuss California 2A related litigation and legal topics here. All advice given is NOT legal counsel. |
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#281
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Also his newsletter: http://mailchi.mp/44764a9b437f/febru...n-carry-appeal Basically February if no conflicts but also March and April backup dates. I can post his case-related emails and articles if people want when they come around, if that's seen as helpful at all. |
#282
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However that does not mean he gets oral argument. I suspect he will because the legal issue is novel but as a whole pro se's typically do not get oral argument. This I can't wait to watch assuming he gets oral argument. I just hope he keep some of his openly misogynist comments down to a minimum. It does not win any votes to tell the Court I don't want to carry because I don't carry a purse etc. Last edited by wolfwood; 10-13-2017 at 4:33 PM.. |
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The easy way out for CA9 is strike the OC ban but give a wink to the state that OC can be regulated in the same fashion as CCW, leaving it as may-issue as well. Nichols can't appeal that scenario because he'd technically "win".
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#284
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More likely if the ban falls, California goes back to "open unloaded." Oh joy. There is no way that the state will enact licensed open carry for anyone not wearing some kind of a uniform (LEO, security, armored car guards).
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#285
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(Didn't Heller talk about how requiring a firearm to be unloaded actually prevented that arm from being used for defense?)
__________________
Some random thoughts: Evil doesn't only come in black. Life is like a discount bakery. Usually everything is just what you ordered. But, occasionally you come face to face with an unexpected fruitcake. Surprise! My Utubery |
#286
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Heller talked about the necessity of having immediate access to functional firearms.
An unloaded firearms is, by definition, not functional.
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Proud CGN Contributor USMC Pistol Team Alumni - Distinguished Pistol Shot Owner of multiple Constitutionally protected tools |
#287
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Although I agree with you, the trial court in Peruta did not, finding that the open carry law adequately protected any right to bear arms. Thus, there can be no doubt that the State will go that way if it is required to allow open carry, leaving it to yet another law suit to challenge that law.
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#288
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For instance; were the 1A to be so limited, then allowing one to ONLY say: Not-so-super-California-cuz-it's-fragile-and-atrocious (Go on - sing it!) The the WHOLE of the 1A would be protected even though the Right is limited to ONLY those words. What I mean by this, is that if the Gov is allowed to limit a Right until it can only be exercised in a specific way, in a specific location, at a specific time, then it is NOT a "Right". True "Right's" should transcend Government's ability to take them away or limit them. It was the point behind the Bill of Rights and somehow our society and judicial system have forgotten that.
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Some random thoughts: Evil doesn't only come in black. Life is like a discount bakery. Usually everything is just what you ordered. But, occasionally you come face to face with an unexpected fruitcake. Surprise! My Utubery |
#289
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#290
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Your "Free Speech Zone" analogy fails because any individual may speak as loudly as they choose, whenever they choose, wherever they choose, so long as their speech does not affect the rights of others. A rally affects others and can thus be limited. So can city/county/state meetings open to public comment because time is limited. Thus the Right is regulated so that all may speak and be heard. It is not banned. To put it simply, one can still speak to one's neighbor outside the "free speech zones" or speak at public meetings so long as one does in an orderly manner. A Right can't be banned via regulation, as is being done currently, because the State cannot require you to only speak outside incorporated municipalities and then only in areas where free speech is not prohibited. Nor do your Rights against self-incrimination or the Right to Legal Representation exist only in locations the State deems them "sufficient to exercise the Right." Those rights exist across the entire spectrum and sweep of the State. As do all the others. As to the "unloaded" requirement, the State may not require that a person refrain, unless becoming subject to incarceration or other criminal penalty, from merely being ABLE TO speak. Unreasonable fear or possible public unrest over the potential content of the speech, without actual justification or provocation in a specific instance, is insufficient to make such a blanket restriction upon ALL of society. Because if a right can be regulated out of existence in that manner; then where is the freedom which is guaranteed to us?
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Some random thoughts: Evil doesn't only come in black. Life is like a discount bakery. Usually everything is just what you ordered. But, occasionally you come face to face with an unexpected fruitcake. Surprise! My Utubery Last edited by rplaw; 10-25-2017 at 6:35 PM.. |
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That would matter to a court that is concerned with the Constitution and the protection and implementation of same. That doesn't apply to the 9th Circus. Quote:
Meaning that unconstitutional infringements of the 1A happen all the time, NOT that it is permissible to so infringe. Quote:
I agree entirely (along with my comment above). The Raisuli P.S. P.S. I've been very busy lately. And don't have a lot of spare time now. So, I've no time to read all the way back to whatever I posted when I last was here (or at other posts). If anyone feels that there's something I should respond to, justlet me know where that something is, and I'll get to it ASAP. Thanks.
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"Ignorance is a steep hill with perilous rocks at the bottom" WTB: 9mm cylinder for Taurus Mod. 85 |
#292
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The government can regulate WHAT you say, except when it constitutes political speech. You cannot "cry wolf" as it were, unless there is one. You cannot encourage rioting. You canno threaten others with bodily harm. You cannot conspire to commit a crime--the speech is as much a crime as the crime committed (or attempted). Restrictions on the free exercise of the right of free speech have been recognized by the highest courts of all states and SCOTUS. As have conditions on the where when and how of public speech, such as parades and marches. So don't pretend that this hasn't and cannot be done and recognized as constitutional, as your arguments have been repeatedly rejected. rplaw concedes the point as well, arguing that first amendment rights may be restricted "so long as their speech does not affect the rights of others."
Thus, if we apply the same analysis to second amendment rights as has been applied in first amendment cases (as numerous second amendment cases and scholars have sought), you end up with valid restrictions on the where when and how of "bearing arms." Using rplaw's formulation, the bearing of arms may be regulated whenever it "interferes with the rights of others." As we all know, the "open unloaded" demonstrations lead to wide-spread fear and overly aggressive police responses; they thus "affected the rights of others" not to "feel threatened." Y'all may recall that the Seventh Circuit held in Highland Park case that ARs may be banned because people "feel" afraid of them, whether that fear is reasonable or not. When closely analyzed, Nichols seeks only to overturn the open carry ban; he specifically rejects any claim that he seeks to overturn time and place restrictions such as courthouses, government buildings or GFSZs. Anyone with any sense will recognize that a right to carry firearms within any urban area and outside of private property is effectively if not entirely banned by GFSZs--hence the right he seeks to express is meaningless in practical application. And at the same time, he reinforces the conclusion that second amendment rights may be validly limited. |
#293
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DiaHero Foundation - helping people manage diabetes. Sending diabetes supplies to Ukraine now, any help is appreciated. DDR AK furniture and Norinco M14 parts kit: https://www.calguns.net/calgunforum/....php?t=1756292 ![]() |
#294
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True enough, but court decisions validating the statute as constitutional do.
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#295
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Or challenge the regulation and find out. 50/50 roll of the dice. Too many people are willing to do NOTHING but sit on the fence and complain that others are doing too much. We have NO RIGHTS AT ALL, unless we are willing to stand up and defend them from our legislators and government. It seems as If Nichols is willing to do that. I am amazed at all of those here who profess to support the 2A but won't stand behind him as he mounts his challenge to governmental infringement of our Rights. Personality differences be damned, he's leading the fight. Where are you?
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Some random thoughts: Evil doesn't only come in black. Life is like a discount bakery. Usually everything is just what you ordered. But, occasionally you come face to face with an unexpected fruitcake. Surprise! My Utubery |
#296
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Not that it matters. After the denial of cert in Kolbe and Norman, the stage is set for a decision upholding the open carry ban "in the interest of public safety." |
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All that aside, the thing is, I remember the beginning of his case. The part where he was asking for legal help but got snubbed by all the "experts" here and by "the right people" elsewhere. The part where he was personally attacked and told to go F himself because he was a lunatic. That he needed to dismiss his case because it was a sure loser and that Peruta was the winning course of action. Amazing how the world turns. All that is over. The vain attempts at resurrecting it have failed, the alternative options have disappeared and SCOTUS refused to hear the question. And here's Nichols, heading for arguments next spring on a clear question of whether we have the right to bear arms in public or not. And yet you and others STILL refuse to support him. It's pathetic. Really, it is.
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Some random thoughts: Evil doesn't only come in black. Life is like a discount bakery. Usually everything is just what you ordered. But, occasionally you come face to face with an unexpected fruitcake. Surprise! My Utubery |
#298
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Finally going before the court and hope he prevails
Nichols v. Brown - California Open Carry appeal - Oral Argument Calendared! 2018-02-15 9:00 am Courtroom 3, Richard H. Chambers US Court of Appeals, Pasadena https://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/calenda...aseno=14-55873 |
#299
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The "right" to keep and bear arms in this country isn't a real right, it's a politically-metered privilege. If it were a real right then it would be something that we could, as a general rule, lawfully exercise no matter what the government thought. Instead, it is a right we can only lawfully exercise when the government allows it, since nearly any and all laws which impose upon it have been upheld by the judiciary. No other Constitutionally-protected right has been treated in this manner. Not a single one. That alone is proof that the entirety of government at every level, encompassing all branches, is one that does as it pleases no matter what the Constitution has to say on the subject. The government is no longer a Constitutional government. It is now a fiat government only, and the only reasons it retains power is that, firstly, the citizenry it governs is composed largely of people who care no more about the Constitutional foundation of the government than the government itself does and, secondly, that the government commands far more force than the portion of the citizenry that does care about the Constitution is willing or able to challenge. Put another way: we no longer live in a Constitutional republic. We merely live in an ever-less-representative republic that operates under an arbitrary set of rules that the government makes up as it goes. By the time the citizenry discovers that it can no longer tolerate the malevolence of the government which shackles them, they will be unable to free themselves of their shackles, having given up their ability to do so long before. This is how tyranny always rises, and why tyranny is the historical norm. We will not see anything like the United States of old again for many centuries, if not millennia, if indeed ever. This is because there is no longer any place to escape to, and technology disproportionately empowers government at an ever increasing pace. Quote:
Now, Nichols may have plenty of that himself (I've had no dealings with him myself so I simply cannot say, but what I've seen of his interactions on forums such as this does not inspire confidence). If he does, it will not help him unless he is able to cast it aside when the real world contradicts any preconceived notions he may have. I think Tincon (who hasn't posted here, that I've seen, in a very long time, even under a new account that would be associated with his new role at Michel & Associates) pointed out a very valid factor in litigating: you need to raise all arguments, and present all alternatives, that support the outcome you're after. I interpret that to mean, as regards carry, you do not play favorites as regards mode of carry in any way that can possibly compromise the outcome. Nichols now comes into the picture where the 9CA has eliminated concealed carry as an option. This is very favorable for him in principle. In practice, it won't make a bit of difference as things are now. But it needs to be said: a bad outcome here will not be his fault. The plain fact is that the courts here despise the right to arms with every fiber of their existence, and they will do anything and everything to kill it dead. Quote:
As things stand, it's more likely that Flanagan will prevail than Nichols, but only because of the timing of when it hits the Supreme Court. Both are guaranteed to fail in the 9th Circuit. Flanagan will come in behind Nichols. That the Supreme Court (as one should have logically expected based on preceding events) denied cert to Norman means it will most certainly deny cert to Nichols unless its composition changes. That would leave only Flanagan. Flanagan will be coming to the 9th Circuit under circumstances where the 9CA has destroyed the entire right to carry. I'll be watching with great interest what arguments it raises that could possibly prevail under those circumstances. But again, make no mistake: Nichols will not be the cause of that. The outcome for Flanagan would be exactly the same regardless.
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The Constitution is not "the Supreme Law of the Land, except in the face of contradicting law which has not yet been overturned by the courts". It is THE SUPREME LAW OF THE LAND, PERIOD. You break your oath to uphold the Constitution if you don't refuse to enforce unadjudicated laws you believe are Unconstitutional. The real world laughs at optimism. And here's why. |
#300
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I think the supreme court has been waiting for a direct basic question like Nichols, and something pushed up by a citizen will probably be more favorable to the court than if it were pushed up by the NRA.
I predict Nichols all the way to a SCOTUS win. |
#301
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How does it materially differ from Norman (well, aside from the declaration that concealed carry isn't protected)? More importantly, how does it differ from Woollard? Sent from my iPhone using Tapatalk
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The Constitution is not "the Supreme Law of the Land, except in the face of contradicting law which has not yet been overturned by the courts". It is THE SUPREME LAW OF THE LAND, PERIOD. You break your oath to uphold the Constitution if you don't refuse to enforce unadjudicated laws you believe are Unconstitutional. The real world laughs at optimism. And here's why. |
#302
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Not sure really, but I think the home grown nature of this case will be appealing to SCOTUS.
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#303
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My point about Nichols is that he is an inarticulate spokesman, and that a more articulate spokesman might have a better chance of succeeding. Also, I don't seem to recall Nichols seeking legal assistance, only funding, but I could be wrong on that; it has been a long time.
In any event, he could lose notwithstanding his inability to string together two sentences that make sense, simply because, as kcbrown points out, this is no longer a legal question but a political one. The Ninth seems more than willing to subordinate second amendment rights to the State's claimed interest in public safety. Here is my worst case scenario for the next year or so. Nichols wins and we go back to open unloaded, but not in school zones. And, if, unlikely as it seems, national reciprocity passes, our next governor will eliminate concealed carry permits, since, after all, there is no "right" to carry a concealed weapon. (Actually, he could try such a move even without a national reciprocity act, but it is literally guaranteed someone will try if it does.) It will take years, of course, for the next case to make it to the Supreme Court. Thus, our best hope right now is that Nichols loses and the case goes to SCOTUS. |
#304
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Firearms represents a political football that SCOTUS obviously regards as too hot to touch. And that is why it won't take Nichols. Not because of the quality of the argument, or the nature of the plaintiff, or the degree of infringement upon the right. But, quite simply, because gunz. SCOTUS quite obviously wants nothing to do with them in the context of law abiding citizens (I am uncertain if SCOTUS is equally reluctant to take firearms cases where criminals, i.e. people who have committed non-firearms crimes, are involved). That simply cannot change until at least one of the reluctant judges or the liberal judges is replaced by someone who is unafraid of the implications of the citizenry exercising their Constitutionally-protected rights. Right now, there are too few such judges on the Supreme Court. The remainder are either afraid of those implications or are judges who would prefer to see the Constitution torn asunder and are more than happy to help do precisely that.
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The Constitution is not "the Supreme Law of the Land, except in the face of contradicting law which has not yet been overturned by the courts". It is THE SUPREME LAW OF THE LAND, PERIOD. You break your oath to uphold the Constitution if you don't refuse to enforce unadjudicated laws you believe are Unconstitutional. The real world laughs at optimism. And here's why. |
#305
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#306
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__________________
240+ examples of CCWs Saving Lives. |
#307
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I can't recall if they have live streaming or it gets posted within a day or so.
Something I noticed when I looked at the CA9 calendar was that they are pulling in a lot of district court judges to sit on their panels. Most of the cases (excluding en banc) seemed to have at least 1 district judge, who could be from anywhere (I saw NH, IL, and WV judges). This could be a good thing; may actually get a more favorable panel. |
#308
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Does SCOTUS look at cases in a dynamic setting? What I mean is taking the sequence of events into consideration. To me- Nichols is more enticing now post Peruta as the 9th has established that there is no right to CC. ---> Given no right to CC makes the ban of OC more devasting that before.
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#309
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You'd think so, although I'm sure the state will probably turn around and say that Nichols should go get a CCW and he didn't avail himself of all remedies. Even though it's crap, they'll likely try it as opposed to straight up admitting they're causing a clear split with Moore.
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#310
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Kcbrown and rplaw-
You two are among the few reasons I still visit and post. Quite simply- absolutely correct and necessary to say. I’ve corresponded with Nichols. Anyone can. It’s more likely he’ll answer if you donate- even a small amount like $10. The man is definitely strange; but given what it took to persevere and continue under the hostility of the courts, the legal establishment, and even “pro-gun” people- No one else could have persevered. Nichols is a product of the environment that made someone like him the only possibility. I wish he was kinder and cuddlier; but if he was he wouldn’t have made it through the years and appeals solo as he has. When you’re optimized for survival at 0 degrees kelvin, in the vacuum of space, some humanizing aspects get lost. What’s more amazing is for all the “selflessness” and “public service” of the pro gun movement, no lawyer could bow his head enough to work with Nichols. Is Nichols arrogant? Sure. Is Nichols unfriendly? Sure. Would Nichols oppose help on his terms, where he gets all the credit? Nope. The very fact that no one was able to duck his head and abase himself to work with Nichols is proof positive of how this movement is largely made of egotists who can’t put the mission first. Finally, the very fact everyone loves to speculate over Nichols, instead of just asking him and getting firsthand knowledge of the man is dumbfounding. For a bunch of “activists” people here are surprisingly lazy and unwilling to do the hard, hard task for going to his blog, and hitting the “send an email” link and writing him an email. Instead, everyone wants to prognosticate over the public statements and findings of the man. Too many sports commentators, not enough actual sports players.
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#311
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Thereafter, the courts dispose of his cases without much thought as they do with every other in pro per case, appearing on the docket 1 out of 1000 times. Next. Last edited by sarabellum; 12-06-2017 at 7:03 PM.. |
#312
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#313
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But, on to your first request: months ago there was a new complaint which I called "Peruta II" You can search for it if you want, but the gist is that I said the case wasn't going anywhere AND that if the filing attorney was lucky they wouldn't be facing sanctions for filing a frivolous lawsuit. Upshot: Everyone was backing it because "the 9th had painted itself into a corner and HAD TO hear the matter and decide in favor of it". I was vilified as an idiot who knew nothing. There were even some who questioned if I was actually an attorney. But, here we are - case when nowhere BECAUSE it was "Peruta II". It's not the only case I (and others) have commented upon where things were poorly stated or left out completely AND the cases hinged upon those items and were defeated because of them or their lack. I don't remember which ones and I'm not all that interested in spending my time trying to remember or search every post on the forum for the answer. You can. I won't. The end. Yet now you want me to compare those poor showings with Nichol's who ISN'T trained as an attorney? Lolz. By comparison, Nichols' briefs are clear and concise where it matters. Whether you agree with that statement is irrelevant. What's relevant is that Mr. Nichols has Oral Argument in February and you, AND "the right people" involved in those other cases, don't. Whether he prevails or not is unknown at this point but despite all the odds, and the lack of support monetarily, professionally, or via this forum community, he's doing at least as well as the attorneys you try to compare him to. I'd say that means something. In Pro Personam cases tend to get MORE judicial scrutiny than cases where the parties have representation. That's because the judge has to actually listen and read and think about what's being said in order to glean the facts and the law. ANY judge who dismisses a case because it's a pro per case without giving thought to what the applicant is trying to say, but for the lack of legal training cannot, is guilty of judicial bias and can be disciplined for it. The courts are DESIGNED to help pro per applicants rather than hinder them by dropping them into a black hole. Perception of bias is real. It exists and judges take special care when dealing with pro per parties not to fall afoul of it. I don't know if Nichols will get a chance to actually argue in front of the justices. We'll have to see how that shapes up. However, a failure to consider it leaves open the door in a case involving a Constitutional question to judicial bias or misconduct. Not something I'd want as a justice hanging around my professional neck. But that's me and not the 9th which doesn't seem to care about justice or judicial perception by the public.
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Some random thoughts: Evil doesn't only come in black. Life is like a discount bakery. Usually everything is just what you ordered. But, occasionally you come face to face with an unexpected fruitcake. Surprise! My Utubery |
#314
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IANAL but I think you hit it on the head with this: "But that's me and not the 9th which doesn't seem to care about justice or judicial perception by the public."
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Proud CGN Contributor USMC Pistol Team Alumni - Distinguished Pistol Shot Owner of multiple Constitutionally protected tools |
#315
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Prove it. |
#316
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Oral argument must be allowed in every case unless a panel of three judges who have examined the briefs and record unanimously agrees that oral argument is unnecessary for any of the following reasons: (A)*the appeal is frivolous; (B)* the dispositive issue or issues have been authoritatively decided; or (C)*the facts and legal arguments are adequately presented in the briefs and record, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided by oral argument.That a case does not rise to the level of frivolous does not necessarily mean that the case has meritorious arguments. The court made up its mind long ago as occurs in all cases that go to oral argument, someone will lose, invariably Nichols, and, like any other case, the court will draft an opinion indicating that the losing party's arguments have no merit. Subsections (B) and (C) do not apply to Mr. Nichols' contentions regarding the moot case of Overturf. The AG's reasoning in the opposition brief that possession of a firearm in one's home is sufficient protection while walking about in public does not qualify for subsections (B) and (C). Thus, Mr. Nichols' case will move forward to the perfunctory oral argument. |
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I've been an attorney in private practice for over 20 years. That's 20+ years of reading and responding to crappy legal briefs written by attorneys who are supposed to be better trained and educated. Trust my knowledge and experience here, Nichols is better than most. His arguments properly conform to requirements, aren't overly lengthy, and articulate his position on the issues with supporting authority. That you don't agree with them, or follow the logic, is immaterial because if everyone agreed on what the law says and means, we wouldn't need anyone to decide the case. In addition to that, I've sat on the bench as a judge Pro Tem. In order to do that, I HAVE TO HAVE mandatory judicial training. This training is different from, and in addition to, the ordinary continuing legal education that every practicing attorney has to have. This training includes training in judicial bias as well as how to deal with self represented litigants. Trust me again, when it comes to Pro Se litigation, the unrepresented litigant gets a LOT more attention and deference than the attorney does. I will listen more attentively, think about what they are saying as well as what they are trying to say and I will give them more time to do that. Failure to follow that procedure can result in removal from the bench AND possible sanctions by the judicial council. Finally, California's legal system is one of "Equity and law". That means EQUITY comes first. If what it takes to deal with a case fairly and decisively is to give deference to the self represented litigant and pay a bit more attention to their presentation of the issues/argument, then that's what it takes. And, sometimes you give them opportunities that attorneys don't get. Such as setting aside a default if there's a good reason to do so. For an attorney to get that, they must fall on their sword and admit malpractice. There WILL BE a sanction for it. However, should a self represented party ask to set aside a default AND they have a good reason for it, there will usually be NO sanction. Why? Because they don't have the intimate knowledge of the legal system and can't be expected to perform to the same level as an attorney. This standard applies in all cases for the same reasons. Now you can say that's for California and 9th circuit justices aren't California State attorneys or judges. That's true, BUT the standards are the same. Listen to what is being said, think about what was said, what was attempted to be said, and what you know the law to be, and then decide the case on the merits, not the parties appearance or representational status. Why? Because this is what is FAIR and IMPARTIAL. In this country we DO NOT decide cases based on appearances, likability, or financial status of the parties. Or, we're not supposed to anyway. I'm not so sure that's the case anymore.
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Some random thoughts: Evil doesn't only come in black. Life is like a discount bakery. Usually everything is just what you ordered. But, occasionally you come face to face with an unexpected fruitcake. Surprise! My Utubery Last edited by rplaw; 12-10-2017 at 11:52 AM.. |
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An alleged attorney would have presented evidence to support the volume of your contentions summed up on in one conclusory circular argument, "the courts are fair and impartial toward in pro pers because they are fair and impartial." Since you allege to be an attorney, who at one time was a pro tem judge, i.e. a substitute judge hired by the judges appointed by the governor, cite the case names and case numbers of the in pro per cases, which you heard and for which you granted the relief requested by the in pro per Plaintiff. You have heaped one lie on top of another. Pro se litigants prevail in 3.5 of their cases. Landsman, Steven, "The Challenge of Pro Se Litigants," (2009), pp. 242. 76% had judgement entered against them. Id. 56% of their pleadings were dismissed. Id. That is to say 98.2% are denied the relief requested, because they are in pro per. Remember that you alleged that in pro pers write as well and fashion the proper arguments like an attorney. Remember, alleged attorney, a federal Plaintiff need only state a brief simple statement of the facts entitling that person to relief. FRCP 8. A state court plaintiff need only state simple ultimate facts. CCP ยง425.10. Yet, as the Landsman article dispositively indicates, courts dismiss more than half of the in pro plaintiff's cases on demurrer (the FRCP 12(b)(6) equivalent) for failure to state a claim. The conclusion is that in pro per cases are summarily neutralized. Those astounding statistics undermine your contentions that a) in pro pers do as well as attorneys, and b) that courts carefully review the cases of in pro pers. Noticeably, alleged attorney, you have not cited a single authority or evidence regarding the conduct of the judiciary or can even recall what you write in this forum. You have gone so far as to invite me to help with retrieval of your voluminous materials because you do not know how to do a google search for your own material. No lawyer is incompetent at research. I await you next set of lies. Last edited by sarabellum; 12-10-2017 at 1:37 PM.. |
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Its pretty common knowledge that pro se briefs are liberally constued and that is what rplaw is referring to
Haines v. Keaner, et al. 404 U.S. 519,92 s. Ct. 594,30 L. Ed. 2d 652. Whatever may be the limits on the scope of inquiry of courts into the internal administration of prisons, allegations such as those asserted by petitioner, however inartfully pleaded, are sufficient to call for the opportunity to offer supporting evidence. We cannot say with assurance that under the allegations of the pro se complaint, which we hold to less stringent standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers, it appears 'beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief.' Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41,45 46 (1957). See Dioguardi v. Durning, 139 F.2d 774 (CA2 1944). Baldwin County Welcome Center v. Brown 466 U.S. 147,104 S. Ct. 1723,80 L. Ed. 2d 196,52 U.S.L.W. 3751. Rule 8(f) provides that 'pleadings shall be so construed as to do substantial justice.' We frequently have stated that pro se pleadings are to be given a liberal construction. Estelle, Corrections Director, et al. v. Gample 29 U.S. 97, 97 S. Ct. 285, 50 L. Ed. 2d 251. We now consider whether respondent's complaint states a cognizable 1983 claim. The handwritten pro se document is to be liberally construed. As the Court unanimously held in Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519 (1972), a pro se complaint, "however inartfully pleaded," must be held to "less stringent standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers" and can only be dismissed for failure to state a claim if it appears "beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief." Id., at 520 521, quoting Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41,45 46 (1957). Hughes v. Rowe et al. 449 U.S. 5, 101 S. Ct. 173,66 L. Ed. 2d 163,49 U .S.L. W .3346. Petitioner's complaint, like most prisoner complaints filed in the Northern District of Illinois, was not prepared by counsel. It is settled law that the allegations of such a [pro se] complaint, "however inartfully pleaded" are held "to less stringent standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers, see Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519,520 (1972). See also Maclin v. Paulson, 627 F.2d 83,86 (CA7 1980); French v. Heyne, 547 F.2d 994,996 (CA7 1976). Such a complaint should not be dismissed for failure to state a claim unless it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief. Haines, supra, at 520 521. And, of course, the allegations of a complaint are generally taken as true for purposes of a motion to dismiss. Cruz v. Beto, 405 U.S. 319,322 (1972). Rabin v. Dep't of State, No. 95-4310, 1997 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 15718. The court noted that pro se plaintiffs should be afforded "special solicitude." |
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would the above apply to so-called taxpayer lawsuits here in CA?
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